First of all, what is Linux?
So, Linux is an operating system which is free and open source. And now if you are confused about "but why Linux?"
Well, I know Windows OS is the most famous amongst all OS and has the 74% of the market share for desktop users however Linux is a step ahead in this race where 90% of super-computers out of 500 run on Linux.
Also, Linux has lots of variants such as Ubuntu which is the most famous of all, Linux Mint, Cent Os, Kali and many more. Isn't that amazing?
As per linuxandubuntu.com Google, Oracle IBM, Facebook, Dell, Samsung, Amazon even Microsoft also use Linux.
Now let's jump to the
Basic commands for Linux
Folders / Directory
mkdir command is used to create directories.
To make a directory or folder, type:
mkdir <folder name> //single folder
mkdir <folder name> <folder name> ... //multiple folders
Congratulations! 🎉 you have created your first folder.
Create nested folders
mkdir -p <folder name>/<folder name>/<folder name>
Files
touch is used for creating the file(s).
How to create files in Linux:
touch <file name> //for single file
touch <file name 1> <file name 2> ... //for multiple files
Create multiple files with range
touch <file_name>{Starting Range..Ending Range}.<file extention>
List out the folders and files
ls command is used to list out files and directories.
ls //to list out folders and files
ls -a //to list out all the files and folders including hidden
Files and folders starting with dot (.) are hidden files and folders.
Change the directory
cd command is used for changing the directory.
cd <folder name> //going in to the folder
cd .. //coming out of the folder
Clear the screen
clear
Copy and Paste
cp command is used for copying and pasting files or folders.
cp <option> <source location> <destination location>
options:
-r for recursive
-v verbose
-f for forcefully
How to copy file:
How to copy all data starting with specific characters:
cp <option> <source location with astring> <destination location>
let's copy all the books files to the student1 file
Delete
rm command is used to remove the file and directory.
Remove files and folders/directory
rm <option> <source location> <destination location>
options:
-r for recursive
-v verbose
-f for forcefully
Let's remove the studen1 folder:
Move and Rename
mv command is used to move as well as rename the file or folder.
How to Move files or directories:
mv <source location> <destination location>
Let's move the book1.txt to the student2 folder
Let's rename the student2 to student_2
Super User
sudo stands for "super user do".
When you want to perform any task which is not permissible to the user can use this command to perform the task.
Here I tried to add a user but I got a permission denied error.
The same I tried with sudo, the task was performed and did not get any error.
Be a Super User
sudo su command gives you the wings! your account will be switched with the root user and can do all the tasks with no permission denied error. You can also access everything on the system with root user ability.
User Management
Create a user account
useradd command is used to create a user account.
useradd <option> <username>
option:
- -m to make a directory for the user
Set password to a user account
passwd command is used to create a password for the user. And then it will ask to enter a password.
sudo passwd <username>
Switch User Account
To switch user su, a user password is required.
su neel
Logout from a user account
exit command is used to exit / logout from a user account. You can also use CTRL + D.
exit
Delete user account
userdel command is used to delete the user account. It may ask for a current user account password.
sudo userdel <username>
Change user account name
usermod command is used for changing name of the account.
sudo usermod -l <new_name> <old_name>
Well, I think that is all for the basics. For the advanced command I will post another blog. This #Linux blog is a part of #90DaysOfDevOps challenge with #TrainWithShubham community.